What Does a Cavity Look Like?

A cavity is a small hole or damaged area in your tooth caused by decay. The appearance can vary depending on how advanced it is. Here’s what to look for:

1. Early-Stage Cavities (White or Brown Spots)
   The first sign of tooth decay is often a chalky white area on the enamel. This happens when minerals are lost from the tooth. As the decay progresses, the spot may turn light brown or yellowish. At this stage, the cavity might not cause pain, but it’s the best time to act before it gets worse.
2. Moderate Cavities (Dark Spots or Visible Holes)
   If the decay continues, the spot becomes darker. You might see a small hole or pit in the tooth. In some cases, you can see a tiny opening where the enamel has broken down. You may start feeling sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods at this point.
3. Advanced Cavities (Large Holes or Broken Teeth)
   Severe decay can create a noticeable hole in the tooth, sometimes with black or dark brown edges. If the cavity weakens the tooth, part of it may chip or break. At this stage, you might experience sharp pain, especially when biting down.

Cavities can develop in different parts of the tooth:

• Between teeth: These are harder to see without dental X-rays. You might notice dark shadows or feel roughness when flossing.
• On chewing surfaces: Molars often get cavities in their grooves, appearing as dark pits.
• Near the gumline: Decay here can look like brown or black stains close to the gums.

If you notice any signs of a cavity, the best step is to visit a dentist. Early treatment can stop the decay from spreading. Depending on the cavity’s size, treatments may include:

• Fluoride treatments (for very early decay)
• Tooth-colored fillings (to restore small to medium cavities)
• Crowns (for larger decay that weakens the tooth)
• Root canals (if the decay reaches the nerve)
• Extractions (only if the tooth is too damaged to save)